Dog Separation Anxiety: Causes, Signs & Training Methods
ByAlexandra Soanca
Last updatedFeb 25, 2025
✓Fact Checked
Key Takeaways
Separation anxiety affects 14-20% of all dogs, making it one of the most common behavioral disorders in pets.
Herding breeds and companion dogs have a higher genetic risk for separation anxiety compared to independent breeds.
Rescue dogs are twice as likely to develop separation anxiety due to past trauma or instability.
Many pet parents mistake separation anxiety for boredom, leading to ineffective training.
Dogs form emotional bonds similar to human toddlers, with brain scans showing activity in the same regions associated with love and attachment.
Structured desensitization training significantly reduces anxiety-related behaviors in dogs, with many showing long-term improvement.
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Key Takeaways
What is Separation Anxiety in Dogs?
Why Does Separation Anxiety Happen?
Common Signs of Separation Anxiety
Myths and Misconceptions About Dog Separation Anxiety
How to Fix Dog Separation Anxiety: Step-by-Step Training
Best Products and Tech for Separation Anxiety
Final Thoughts: Can You Fix Separation Anxiety for Good?
What is Separation Anxiety in Dogs?
Separation anxiety in dogs is a serious emotional distress disorder that occurs when a dog becomes extremely anxious or panicked when left alone. Unlike occasional whining or boredom-related mischief, true separation anxiety is a clinical condition that can lead to destructive behaviors, self-harm, and emotional distress.
Separation Anxiety vs. Boredom: How to Tell Them Apart
Many pet owners mistake boredom or lack of training for separation anxiety. Here are the most important differences:
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Many pet parents misinterpret their dog's behavior, which can lead to improper training approaches. Dogs suffering from real separation anxiety need structured behavioral training and intervention - simple obedience training will not fix it.
How Common is Separation Anxiety in Dogs?
Scientific studies estimate that 14 - 20% of all dogs experience some level of separation anxiety.
🔹 Shelter & rescue dogs are 2x more likely to suffer from separation anxiety than dogs raised in a single home. 🔹 Dogs that have experienced sudden lifestyle changes (such as a new home, family member, or change in routine) are at higher risk.
Separation anxiety is a serious emotional struggle for many dogs. By recognizing the signs early and understanding the difference between anxiety and misbehavior, pet parents can take the right steps toward helping their furry friend feel safe and secure.
Why Does Separation Anxiety Happen?
Separation anxiety is a complex emotional response driven by genetics, early experiences, and the environment, so it isn't just about a dog missing their owner. Understanding why it happens is extremely important to addressing the root cause.
The Science Behind Canine Attachment
Studies show that dogs form emotional bonds with their owners similar to human toddlers.
🔹 Research shows that a dog's brain lights up in the same regions as humans when they see someone they love. 🔹 Dogs rely on their owners for emotional security - some more than others, depending on genetics and upbringing.
This means that when a dog suddenly finds themselves alone they actually panic rather than just miss you.
Genetic Predisposition: Are Some Dogs Born More Anxious?
While any dog can develop separation anxiety, some breeds are actually more prone due to genetic temperament traits.
🛑 Breeds at Higher Risk of Separation Anxiety:
Labrador Retrievers & Golden Retrievers – Strong family bonds, dislike being left alone.
German Shepherds & Border Collies – High-energy working dogs that struggle without a "job."
Jack Russell Terriers & Beagles – Originally bred for pack hunting, they don't tolerate isolation well.
Italian Greyhounds & Cavalier King Charles Spaniel – Highly affectionate lap dogs with intense attachment.
✅ Breeds Less Likely to Develop Separation Anxiety:
Chow Chows & Shar-Peis – Independent and less emotionally dependent on humans.
Basset Hounds & Bloodhounds – Laid-back personalities, adapt well to alone time.
Afghan Hounds & Alaskan Malamutes – More self-sufficient compared to other breeds.
If you have a breed that is genetically more prone to anxiety, early training and desensitization are even more critical.
Environmental Triggers: How Early Experiences Shape Anxiety in Dogs
Even dogs without a genetic predisposition can develop separation anxiety due to life experiences.
🚨 Common Triggers:
Early Separation from Mother & Litter – Puppies taken away too soon (before 8 weeks) often struggle with independence later.
Rehoming & Shelter History – Dogs that have been abandoned, rehomed, or stayed in a shelter often have higher anxiety levels.
Sudden Changes in Routine – A drastic change (like a new work schedule, moving, or a family member leaving) can trigger separation-related stress.
Over-Attachment to Owners – Dogs that have constant access to their owners (pandemic puppies, for example) struggle more when left alone later.
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A study found that dogs that spent 24/7 with their owners during puppyhood were significantly more likely to develop separation anxiety as adults.
Common Signs of Separation Anxiety
Separation anxiety can manifest in many ways, but the biggest difference between true separation anxiety and boredom or lack of training lies in the emotional distress a dog experiences when left alone.
If you haven't yet, check out our earlier table comparing separation anxiety vs. boredom - it breaks down key behavioral differences so you can better identify what your dog is really going through.
Now, let's take a deeper look at the most common signs of separation anxiety and what they mean.
1. Destructive Behavior Focused on Escape
What it looks like:
Scratching or biting at doors and windows in an attempt to follow their owner.
Digging at floors near exits.
Breaking out of crates, often leading to injuries like broken nails or teeth.
❓ Why it happens: Unlike boredom chewing (which is often directed at shoes or furniture), destruction from separation anxiety is about escaping confinement.
2. Excessive Barking, Howling & Whining
What it looks like:
Nonstop vocalization that lasts for hours after the owner leaves.
Barking isn't triggered by outside noises, but it's a response to being alone.
Neighbors may complain about loud, ongoing barking.
❓ Why it happens: Dogs use barking and howling as distress signals to call their owner back. This is different from alert barking, which happens when a dog hears an unfamiliar sound.
3. Peeing & Pooping Indoors (Even When House-Trained)
What it looks like:
Accidents happen right after you leave - not randomly throughout the day.
Pee or poop may be spread around the house, rather than in one spot.
The dog may only have accidents when alone, but never when the owner is home.
❓ Why it happens: Stress can trigger loss of bladder and bowel control. Unlike poorly house-trained dogs, these dogs know where they should go, but panic overrides their control.
4. Pacing & Restlessness
What it looks like:
Repetitive walking in circles or along a fixed path (e.g., back and forth near the door).
Happens only when the owner is gone - dog is calmer when they are home.
Can lead to exhaustion and paw injuries from excessive movement.
❓ Why it happens: Dogs use repetitive pacing as a coping mechanism for stress.
5. Excessive Drooling, Panting & Self-Harm
What it looks like:
Pools of drool near doors, crates, or windows.
Excessive panting, even in normal temperatures.
Licking or chewing paws to the point of irritation or injury.
❓ Why it happens: Dogs with severe anxiety enter fight-or-flight mode, triggering physical signs of stress. Unlike dogs that pant due to heat, anxious dogs pant even in cool environments.
6. Extreme Reactions When You Leave & Return
What it looks like:
Before you leave: The dog becomes agitated when they notice departure cues (e.g., grabbing keys, putting on shoes).
Upon return: The dog greets you with excessive excitement - jumping, whining, even peeing out of stress relief.
Takes a long time to calm down after you arrive home.
❓ Why it happens: Separation anxiety is also about the intense emotional bond and dependency on their owner, not just about being alone.
Myths and Misconceptions About Dog Separation Anxiety
Separation anxiety is widely misunderstood, leading to misguided training methods that can actually make the problem worse. Let's break down some of the biggest myths and uncover the real truth behind them.
Myth 1: Dogs Will Grow Out of Separation Anxiety
The truth: Separation anxiety is a behavioral disorder and not just a phase.
Dogs don't just "grow out of it" with age. Instead, their stress levels can increase, leading to more severe behaviors like self-harm, excessive vocalization, or destruction.
Myth 2: "Getting Another Dog Will Fix It"
The truth: Separation anxiety is about attachment to humans, not just being alone.
A second dog may provide companionship, but if the anxious dog's distress is tied to their owner leaving, another pet won't fix the underlying problem. Many dogs with separation anxiety will still panic when left without their human, even if another dog is present.
Myth 3: "If My Dog is Destructive, They Must Have Separation Anxiety"
The truth: Not all destructive behavior is caused by anxiety.
Some dogs chew furniture, dig, or shred objects because they're bored, under-stimulated, or lack proper training. As we were showing you earlier, the key difference is that dogs with separation anxiety focus destruction on escape points (doors, windows, crates). Bored dogs chew random objects (shoes, pillows, couches, trash).
Myth 4: "Just Punish the Behavior and It'll Stop"
The truth: Punishment doesn't work on anxiety - it makes it worse.
Dogs suffering from separation anxiety aren't being disobedient - they're in distress. Yelling, scolding, or crating as punishment won't stop the behavior; instead, it can increase fear and panic.
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Studies show that punishment-based training leads to higher stress hormone levels in dogs, worsening anxiety disorders.
Myth 5: "Separation Anxiety Only Happens to Rescue Dogs"
The truth: Any dog can develop separation anxiety.
While shelter dogs are indeed at higher risk, dogs raised in loving homes can still develop separation anxiety.
How to Fix Dog Separation Anxiety: Step-by-Step Training
Separation anxiety won't go away on its own, but with consistent training and patience, most dogs can learn to stay calm when left alone. The key is to gradually build their confidence and desensitize them to being alone without triggering panic.
Here's PetRadar's step-by-step plan to help your dog feel safe and secure when you're not home.
1. Gradual Desensitization (Building Up Alone Time Slowly)
Dogs with separation anxiety need to slowly build confidence in being alone. This technique teaches them that your absence isn't scary by starting with short separations and gradually increasing the duration.
🔹 How to do it:
Start small: Leave your dog alone for just a few seconds - step out the door and return before they panic. Reward them for staying calm.
Gradually increase alone time: Slowly extend your absences by a few minutes at a time over several days or weeks.
Return calmly: Wait for your dog to be relaxed before giving him attention.
Use a safe space: Begin training in an area where your dog feels comfortable (e.g., a cozy crate or designated relaxation spot).
Monitor stress signals: If your dog starts showing signs of distress (whining, pacing), slow down the process - rushing can make anxiety worse.
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Research shows that structured desensitization and counter-conditioning can significantly reduce anxiety-related behaviors in dogs, with many cases showing long-term improvement.
2. Counter-Conditioning: Make Alone Time Positive
Dogs with separation anxiety associate being alone with fear. The goal of counter-conditioning is to change that association by pairing alone time with something positive.
🔹 How to do it:
Use special treats or puzzle toys only when you leave: high-value treats should be reserved for alone time, making your departure something they look forward to.
Play calming music or white noise: soft classical music, audiobooks, or even white noise machines can help mask external sounds and create a more relaxing atmosphere for your dog.
Use scent-based comfort: leave close-by an item with your scent, like a worn t-shirt or blanket, to provide a familiar and reassuring smell while you're away.
Many dogs become anxious before you even leave because they associate departure cues (grabbing keys, putting on shoes) with being alone. The goal is to break this connection so these actions no longer trigger panic.
🔹 How to do it:
Make departure cues meaningless: Pick up your keys and sit down instead of leaving. Wear your shoes around the house for a while. Mix up your routine so these cues don't always lead to separation
Give them a distraction before you go: A food puzzle, chew toy, or a frozen treat can redirect their focus when you step out.
Stay calm when leaving & returning: No emotional goodbyes, no over-the-top greetings. Act like leaving and returning are normal, everyday events.
How an Owner's Behavior Can Reinforce Anxiety
Without realizing it, many dog owners accidentally make their dog's separation anxiety worse.
❌ What NOT to Do:
Making a big deal out of leaving (“I'm so sorry, I'll be back soon!”) = Increases anxiety.
Letting your dog follow you everywhere at home = Creates over-dependence.
Punishing the dog for anxiety-related behaviors = Makes them more fearful.
Immediately rushing to comfort a crying dog when returning = Reinforces panic behavior.
When to Seek Professional Help
If your dog's separation anxiety is severe (injuring themselves, howling for hours, escaping crates), professional intervention may be needed.
Certified dog trainers – Specialize in anxiety-focused behavior modification.
Veterinary behaviorists – Can prescribe medications (only if necessary) to ease extreme cases.
Best Products and Tech for Separation Anxiety
While training is the foundation for overcoming separation anxiety, certain products and technology can make the process easier for both dogs and their owners. These tools reduce stress, provide mental stimulation, and help pet parents monitor their dog's behavior while they're away.
1. Pet Cameras with Two-Way Audio 🎥
Best for: Monitoring your dog's behavior, talking to them remotely, and providing reassurance.
🔹 How it helps:
Lets you check in to see if your dog is settling down or showing signs of distress.
Two-way audio allows you to speak to your dog, which can help some dogs feel more at ease.
Best for: Creating a soothing environment to mask external sounds that might trigger anxiety.
🔹 How it helps:
Mimics the presence of people by providing background noise.
Reduces sensitivity to external triggers like traffic, doorbells, or noisy neighbors.
Certain frequencies of classical music have been scientifically shown to relax dogs.
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Several studies have indicated that classical music and audiobooks can help reduce stress-related behaviors in dogs.
3. Weighted Anxiety Vests 🦺
Best for: Dogs that seek physical comfort to feel secure.
🔹 How it helps:
Applies gentle, consistent pressure, similar to a hug, which has a calming effect.
Can be worn before and during alone-time training to reduce stress.
Works best when combined with desensitization training.
4. Interactive Puzzle Toys & Slow Feeders 🦴
Best for: Keeping dogs engaged and mentally stimulated while home alone.
🔹 How it helps:
Provides positive distractions to shift focus away from being alone.
Encourages problem-solving and engagement rather than stress-based behaviors.
Can be used to reinforce positive associations with alone time.
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Studies have shown that that mentally stimulating activities can increase relaxation behaviors and decrease stress indicators in dogs
5. Calming Sprays & Pheromone Diffusers 🌿
Best for: Dogs that respond well to scent-based calming aids.
🔹 How it helps:
Releases dog-appeasing pheromones (DAP) that mimic a mother’s comforting scent.
Helps reduce stress-related behaviors like pacing and whining.
Works best as a supplemental aid, not a standalone fix.
Final Thoughts: Can You Fix Separation Anxiety for Good?
Separation anxiety isn’t a lost cause - with the right training, patience, and approach, most dogs can learn to stay calm when left alone. However, there’s no overnight fix. Like any behavioral challenge, it takes consistent effort to help a dog overcome their fears.
What Success Looks Like:
Mild cases can show improvement in a few weeks with structured training.
Moderate cases may take a few months of consistent desensitization.
Severe cases - where dogs injure themselves or experience extreme distress - often require professional intervention, such as a certified trainer or veterinary behaviorist.
Separation anxiety is tough - not just for dogs, but for the pet parents who love them. Watching your furry companion struggle every time you leave the house can be heartbreaking, but the good news is that it’s something you can help them overcome.
Being the pet parent of a more confident, relaxed dog is about understanding their fears, using the right training techniques, and giving them time to adjust. Every small step counts!
At PetRadar, we know that being a pet parent means being there for them in every way possible. With patience, consistency, and the right approach, most dogs can learn to be comfortable alone.
Because at the end of the day, helping your dog feel safe - even when you're not there - is one of the greatest gifts you can give them. 🐶❤️
📑 Sources & References Journal of Veterinary Behavior Frontiers in Veterinary Science Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Veterinary Evidence National Institutes of Health (NIH)American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Human-Animal Bond Research Institute (HABRI) North American Veterinary Community (NAVC)
Written by
Alexandra Soanca
I’ve gained a deep understanding of the challenges and emotions that come with searching for a missing pet, and I’m here to provide guidance, support, and a little bit of hope along the way.
When I'm not helping reunite lost pets with their pet parents, you’ll likely find me spending time with my own furry companion, Valla - a curious gray tabby with a **very** independent spirit.